Did you know that 60% of burglars will avoid homes with visible security cameras? Installing a reliable surveillance camera system starts with getting the right security camera wiring in place. Whether you're securing your home or business, the quality and installation of your camera wiring play a crucial role in ensuring consistent, high-quality video feeds.
In this guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know about security camera wiring—from understanding the different types of cables used in security systems to a step-by-step guide on how to install wired security cameras correctly. Whether you're setting up eufy security cameras or any other brand, the principles of wiring remain the same. Let's get started!
Types of Security Camera Wires
When it comes to wiring security cameras, you'll encounter two types of cables: Ethernet cables and coaxial cables. Each type has its specific features, so let's take a quick look at them.
1. Coaxial Cables
Coaxial cables are a traditional choice for analog security camera systems and usually form part of a 3-wire system, which includes separate cables for video, power, and audio. They come in two common types: RG59 and RG6.
RG59 is ideal for short to medium-distance runs, typically up to 150 meters (500 feet), and is well-suited for basic CCTV setups. RG6, on the other hand, is designed for longer-distance transmission, reaching up to 200 meters (656 feet), typically used in larger installations that require greater range and reliability.
2. Ethernet Cables (Cat5e/Cat6)
Ethernet cables, such as Cat5e and Cat6, are essential in modern IP camera systems, typically forming part of a 8-wire setup. In this system, Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows the cables to transmit both video and power, simplifying installations by eliminating the need for separate power and video cables.
Cat5e is commonly used in both residential and commercial installations, supporting speeds up to 1 Gbps and distances up to 100 meters (328 feet). For higher data rates, Cat6 cables are preferred, supporting speeds up to 10 Gbps, but they are most effective for shorter distances (up to 55 meters or 180 feet), making them ideal for high-definition systems.
Step-by-Step Guide to Wiring Security Cameras
Now that we've covered the types of security camera cables, let's get into the step-by-step process of how to wire security cameras.
Plan Your Installation
Before you start any wiring, take some time to plan out your system:
Identify key areas to monitor, such as entrances and driveways, ensuring cameras have a clear line of sight. Consider the camera's field of view (typically 70 to 110 degrees) and avoid obstructions. Plan the most efficient cable routing to your DVR/NVR and power supply, avoiding sharp bends that can degrade the signal. For outdoor setups, use weatherproof cables and protective conduits to prevent damage.
Preparing the Security Camera Wires
Now it's time to prepare the cables.
Preparing Ethernet Cables (Cat5e/Cat6):
Tools You'll Need: Cable stripper, crimping tool, RJ45 connectors.
- Cut the Cable to Length
Measure the necessary length to connect your camera to the NVR or PoE switch. Leave a little extra slack to ensure flexibility and easier cable management. When planning your wiring layout, you can refer to a 4 wire security camera wiring diagram to determine the specific connections needed for your system.
- Strip the Outer Sheath
Using a cable stripper, remove about 2-3 cm (1 inch) of the outer sheath of the Ethernet cable, exposing the eight insulated copper wires inside. These wires are splited into four pairs, and each pair is twisted together along the length of the cable to reduce signal interference.
- Untwist and Organize the Wires
After stripping the sheath, carefully unwind the twisted pairs of wires and pair similar colors. Pinch the wires together and ensure the colors are paired correctly and neatly arranged.
- Insert Wires into RJ45 Connector
Carefully insert the untwisted wires into the RJ45 connector, making sure each wire is inserted fully to the end of the connector.
- Crimp the Connector
Use a crimping tool to firmly secure the RJ45 connector onto the cable. This will press the metal pins inside the connector onto the copper wires, creating a solid electrical connection.
Preparing Coaxial Cables (RG59/RG6):
Tools You'll need: Coaxial Cable Stripper, Crimping Tool, BNC Connectors
Pigtail Connectors (2.1mm), Electrical Tape, Wire Cutter
- Cut the Cable to Length: Measure the distance between your camera and the DVR, then cut the coaxial cable to the required length, adding a bit of extra slack to ensure flexibility when making the connections.
- Strip the Outer Sheath: Use a coaxial cable stripper to remove about 2-3 cm (1 inch) of the outer sheath. You'll expose the inner shield, which is typically a braided or foil shield, the core copper wire (this is your video signal), and two copper 18-gauge wires for power.
- Prepare the Inner Core: Carefully trim the inner copper wire to the correct length, making sure the exposed core is clean and free of any loose strands. Similarly, strip the ends of the two 18-gauge power wires, ensuring they are long enough to reach the pigconnector.
- Connect the BNC Connector: Slide the stripped end of the coaxial cable into the BNC connector. The inner copper wire should make direct contact with the BNC connector's central pin, while the outer shield should be attached to the metal outer part of the connector. Then use a crimping tool to attach the BNC connector to the cable firmly. Perform the same process on the other end of the cable.
- Attach the Power Wires to thePower Connector: Use the 2.1mm power connector（pigtail）to combine the two 18-gauge wires into one plug which will directly fit into the camera's power port.
Installing the Cameras
Indoor Installations: For optimal indoor camera placement, mount cameras 8-12 feet above the ground for a wide field of view. To run cables through walls or ceilings, drill small holes and use a fish tape to guide cables through the wall. Fish tape is a flexible tool that helps pull wires through tight spaces, making installations easier and cleaner. Secure cables with clips or cable raceways along walls or baseboards to prevent damage. Always leave extra cable length for adjustments, and label both ends to keep track of connections.
Tips: If using Ethernet (CAT5/6), a POE injector or switch may be required for distances beyond 328 feet.
Outdoor Installations: How to run security camera wires outside? For outdoor installations, start by drilling a hole through the wall where the camera will be placed and run the cable from inside to outside. Use weatherproof cables and connectors, and seal the hole with silicone or duct seal to prevent moisture from entering. To protect the cable, run it through a PVC or metal conduit, especially for longer runs or when burying it underground. Ensure the conduit is buried at least 18 inches deep to avoid physical damage and tampering. Ensure to create drip loops at cable entry points to allow water drainage. You can also use wire guards or cable wraps for added protection along exposed areas.
Tips: If you're running cables over a longer distance, use fish tape to guide the wire through the conduit. Attach the cable to the fish tape with electrical tape and pull it carefully to avoid snags.
Connecting the Wiring
If you're using Ethernet cables, connect both ends of the prepared cable to the camera and the NVR or PoE switch. This Ethernet cable will transmit both power and data, eliminating the need for a separate power cable. If your camera supports local storage security camera functionality, you can store footage directly on the camera's local storage (such as a microSD card or internal hard drive), without needing to rely on a separate network video recorder (NVR) or cloud storage. In case the camera doesn't support PoE, you will need to connect a separate 12V DC power adapter to the camera.
If you're using a coaxial cable, attach the two BNC connectors to the camera and DVR. Connect the pigtail connector to the power port of the camera, then plug the positive and negative ends of the 18-gauge wires into the corresponding positive and negative inputs of the multiple output power supply to provide power.
Testing and Troubleshooting
Once all cameras are connected, power on your system and test each camera's video feed to ensure it's working correctly. Check for clear images and adjust camera angles if necessary. If any camera isn't displaying a feed, check connections for loose wires or improper crimps. For Ethernet setups, ensure the network is properly configured, and for coaxial setups, verify the power supply and video connections.
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Conclusion
In short, proper security camera wiring is essential for a reliable and effective surveillance system. By understanding the different types of cables, following a systematic installation process, and ensuring everything is securely connected, you can achieve optimal camera performance and longevity. If you found this guide helpful, feel free to share it on your social media to help others set up their security camera systems.
FAQs
What wiring is required for security cameras?
Security cameras typically require a power source and data transmission wiring, often using coaxial cables (for analog cameras) or Ethernet cables (for IP cameras). In some non-PoE cameras, additional power cables are needed to supply power to the camera separately from the data transmission.
How are security cameras wired?
Security cameras are wired by running cables from the cameras to a central recording device (DVR or NVR). Analog cameras use coaxial cables, while IP cameras use Ethernet cables for both data transmission and power (via PoE)
What are the color codes for camera wires?
For typical camera wiring, red is used for positive power, black for ground or negative, and yellow for video signal (in analog systems). In Ethernet cables, color coding varies, but common standards include white/green for data transmission.
Do you need an electrician to install wired security cameras?
While not always necessary, hiring an electrician can be helpful for complex installations, especially if wiring involves power outlets or running cables through walls. DIY installations are possible with right tools and knowledge.